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VTM TM Current Multiplier
Features
* 100C baseplate operation * 48 V to 16 V Converter * 15 A (22.5 A for 1 ms) * High density - up to 312 W/in3 * Small footprint - 1.64 and 2.08 in2
Size: 1.91 x 1.09 x 0.37 in 48,6 x 27,7 x 9,5 mm
* ZVS / ZCS isolated sine amplitude converter * Typical efficiency 95% * <1 s transient response * Isolated output * No output filtering required * Lead free wave solder compatible * Agency approvals
* Height above board - 0.37 in (9.5 mm) * Low weight - 1.10 oz (31.3 g)
Applications
* Solid state lighting * Stadium displays * Industrial controls * Avionics * Underseas * RF Amplifiers * Microprocessor and DSP requiring fast response
Product Overview
The thermally enhanced VI BRICK VTM current multiplier excels at speed, density and efficiency to meet the demands of advanced power applications. Combined with the VI BRICK PRM regulator they create a DC-DC converter with flexibility to provide isolation and regulation where needed. The PRM can be located with the VTM at the point of load or remotely in the back plane or on a daughter card.
Part Numbering
VT
Voltage Transformation Module
048
Input Voltage Designator
A
Package Size
160
Output Voltage Designator (=VOUT x10)
T
015
Output Current Designator (=IOUT)
F
P
Product Grade Temperatures (C) Grade T= M= Operating Storage
Baseplate F = Slotted flange T = Transverse heat sink[a]
[a] Contact
Pin Style P = Through hole
-40 to +100 -40 to +125 -55 to +100 -65 to +125
factory
Voltage Transformation Module
VT048A160T015FP
vicorpower.com
Rev. 1.1
Page 1 of 11
SPECIFICATIONS
Electrical characteristics apply over the full operating range of input voltage, output load (resistive) and baseplate temperature, unless otherwise specified. All temperatures refer to the operating temperature at the center of the baseplate.
Absolute Maximum Ratings
Parameter +In to -In +In to -In PC to -In VC to -In +Out to -Out Isolation voltage Output current Peak output current Output power Peak output power Operating temperature Storage temperature Values -1.0 to 60 100 -0.3 to 7.0 -0.3 to 19.0 -0.5 to 25 2,250 15 22.5 267 401 -40 to +100 -55 to +100 -40 to +125 -65 to +125 Unit Vdc Vdc Vdc Vdc Vdc Vdc A A W W C C C C Notes For 100 ms
Input to output Continuous For 1 ms Continuous For 1 ms T-Grade; baseplate M-Grade; baseplate T-Grade M-Grade
Note: Stresses in excess of the maximum ratings can cause permanent damage to the device. Operation of the device is not implied at these or any other conditions in excess of those given in the specification. Exposure to absolute maximum ratings can adversely affect device reliability.
Input Specifications
Parameter Input voltage range Input dV/dt Input overvoltage turn-on Input overvoltage turn-off Input current Input reflected ripple current No load power dissipation Internal input capacitance Internal input inductance
(Conditions are at 48 Vin, full load, and 25C ambient unless otherwise specified)
Min 26 55.0 59.5 5.4 138 4.9 4.0 5 6.5 Typ 48 Max 55 1 Unit Vdc V/s Vdc Vdc Adc mA p-p W F nH Using test circuit in Figure 10; See Figure 1 Notes Max VIN = 53 V, operating from -55C to -40C
Voltage Transformation Module
VT048A160T015FP
vicorpower.com
Rev. 1.1
Page 2 of 11
SPECIFICATIONS (CONT.) Output Specifications
Parameter
Output voltage Rated DC current Peak repetitive current Short circuit protection set point Current share accuracy Efficiency Half load Full load Internal output inductance Internal output capacitance Output overvoltage setpoint Output ripple voltage No external bypass 10 F bypass capacitor Effective switching frequency Line regulation K Load regulation ROUT Transient response Voltage overshoot Response time Recovery time 250 200 1 mV ns s 15 A load step with 100 F CIN; See Figures 7 and 8 See Figures 7 and 8 See Figures 7 and 8 29.7 40 m See Figure 13 0.3300 1/3 0.3367 VOUT = K*VIN at no load 3.3 153 13.4 3.6 3.7 300 mVp-p mVp-p MHz See Figures 2 and 5 See Figure 6 Fixed, 1.8 MHz per phase 18.3 94.3 94.7 94.9 95.5 1.6 25.4 % % nH F Vdc Effective value Module will shut down See Figure 3 See Figure 3 15.3 5 10
(Conditions are at 48 Vin, full load, and 25C ambient unless otherwise specified)
Min
8.67 8.07 0
Typ
Max
18.3 17.8 15 22.5
Unit
Vdc Vdc Adc A Adc %
Note
No load Full load 26 - 55 VIN Max pulse width 1ms, max duty cycle 10%, baseline power 50% Module will shut down See Parallel Operation on Page 7
WAVEFORMS Ripple vs. Output Current
160
Output Ripple (mVpk-pk)
140 120 100 80 60 40 0 1.5 3 4.5 6 7.5 9 10.5 12 13.5 15
Output Current (A)
Figure 1 -- Input reflected ripple current at full load and 48 Vf.
Figure 2 -- Output voltage ripple vs. output current at 48 Vf with no POL
bypass capacitance.
Voltage Transformation Module
VT048A160T015FP
vicorpower.com
Rev. 1.1
Page 3 of 11
SPECIFICATIONS (CONT.)
WAVEFORMS
Efficiency vs. Output Current
98 96 12
Power Dissipation
Power Dissipation (W)
10 8 6 4 2
Efficiency (%)
94 92 90 88 86 0 1.5 3 4.5 6 7.5 9 10.5 12 13.5 15
0
1.5
3
4.5
6
7.5
9
10.5
12
13.5
15
Output Current (A)
Output Current (A)
Figure 3 -- Efficiency vs. output current.
Figure 4 -- Power dissipation vs. output current.
Figure 5 -- Output voltage ripple at full load and 48 Vf with no POL bypass
capacitance.
Figure 6 -- Output voltage ripple at full load and 48 Vf with 10 F ceramic
POL bypass capacitance and 20 nH distribution inductance.
Figure 7 -- 0-15 A load step with 100 F input capacitance and no output
capacitance.
Figure 8 -- 15-0 A load step with 100 F input capacitance and no output
capacitance.
Voltage Transformation Module
VT048A160T015FP
vicorpower.com
Rev. 1.1
Page 4 of 11
SPECIFICATIONS (CONT.) General Specifications
Parameter MTBF MIL-HDBK-217F Isolation specifications Voltage Capacitance Resistance Agency approvals 10 cTUVus CE Mark RoHS Mechanical Weight Dimensions Length Width Height Thermal Over temperature shutdown Thermal capacity Baseplate-to-ambient Baseplate-to-ambient; 1000 LFM Baseplate-to-sink; flat, greased surface Baseplate-to-sink; thermal pad 125 130 23.8 7.7 2.9 0.40 0.36 135 C Ws /C C / W C / W C / W C / W Junction temperature 1.91/48,6 1.09/27,7 0.37/9,5 in / mm in / mm in / mm Baseplate model Baseplate model Baseplate model 1.10/31.3 oz /g See Mechanical Drawings, Figures 15, 16 2,250 3,000 Vdc pF M Input to output Input to output Input to output UL /CSA 60950-1, EN 60950-1 Low voltage directive 3.5 Mhrs 25C, GB Min Typ Max Unit Notes
Auxiliary Pins
Parameter Primary Control (PC) DC voltage Module disable voltage Module enable voltage Current limit Disable delay time VTM Control (VC) External boost voltage External boost duration 12 14 10 19 Vdc ms Required for VTM start up without PRM Vin > 26 Vdc. VC must be applied continuously if Vin < 26 Vdc. 2.4 4.8 2.4 5.0 2.5 2.5 2.5 30 2.6 2.9 5.2 Vdc Vdc Vdc mA s VC voltage must be applied when module is enabled using PC Source only PC low to Vout low Min Typ Max Unit Notes
Voltage Transformation Module
VT048A160T015FP
vicorpower.com
Rev. 1.1
Page 5 of 11
PIN / CONTROL FUNCTIONS
+In / -In DC Voltage Ports
The VTM input should not exceed the maximum specified. Be aware of this limit in applications where the VTM is being driven above its nominal output voltage. If less than 26 Vdc is present at the +In and -In ports, a continuous VC voltage must be applied for the VTM to process power. Otherwise VC voltage need only be applied for 10 ms after the voltage at the +In and -In ports has reached or exceeded 26 Vdc. If the input voltage exceeds the overvoltage turn-off, the VTM will shutdown. The VTM does not have internal input reverse polarity protection. Adding a properly sized diode in series with the positive input or a fused reverse-shunt diode will provide reverse polarity protection.
TM - For Factory Use Only VC - VTM Control
The VC port is multiplexed. It receives the initial VCC voltage from an upstream PRM, synchronizing the output rise of the VTM with the output rise of the PRM. Additionally, the VC port provides feedback to the PRM to compensate for the VTM output resistance. In typical applications using VTMs powered from PRMs, the PRM's VC port should be connected to the VTM VC port. In applications where a VTM is being used without a PRM, 14 V must be supplied to the VC port for as long as the input voltage is below 26 V and for 10 ms after the input voltage has reached or exceeded 26 V. The VTM is not designed for extended operation below 26 V. The VC port should only be used to provide VCC voltage to the VTM during startup.
Figure 9 -- VI BRICK VTM pin configuration (viewed from pin side)
PC - Primary Control
The Primary Control (PC) port is a multifunction port for controlling the VTM as follows: Disable - If PC is left floating, the VTM output is enabled. To disable the output, the PC port must be pulled lower than 2.4 V, referenced to -In. Optocouplers, open collector transistors or relays can be used to control the PC port. Once disabled, 14 V must be re-applied to the VC port to restart the VTM. Primary Auxiliary Supply - The PC port can source up to 2.4 mA at 5 Vdc.
+Out / -Out DC Voltage Output Ports
The output and output return are through two sets of contact locations. The respective +Out and -Out groups must be connected in parallel with as low an interconnect resistance as possible. Within the specified input voltage range, the Level 1 DC behavioral model shown in Figure 13 defines the output voltage of the VTM. The current source capability of the VTM is shown in the specification table. To take full advantage of the VTM, the user should note the low output impedance of the device. The low output impedance provides fast transient response without the need for bulk POL capacitance. Limited-life electrolytic capacitors required with conventional converters can be reduced or even eliminated, saving cost and valuable board real estate.
Voltage Transformation Module
VT048A160T015FP
vicorpower.com
Rev. 1.1
Page 6 of 11
APPLICATION NOTES & TEST CIRCUIT
Parallel Operation
In applications requiring higher current or redundancy, VTMs can be operated in parallel without adding control circuitry or signal lines. To maximize current sharing accuracy, it is imperative that the source and load impedance on each VTM in a parallel array be equal. If VTMs are being fed by an upstream PRM, the VC nodes of all VTMs must be connected to the PRM VC. To achieve matched impedances, dedicated power planes within the PC board should be used for the output and output return paths to the array of paralleled VTMs. This technique is preferable to using traces of varying size and length. The VTM power train and control architecture allow bi-directional power transfer when the VTM is operating within its specified ranges. Bi-directional power processing improves transient response in the event of an output load dump. The VTM may operate in reverse, returning output power back to the input source. It does so efficiently. Anomalies in the response of the source will appear at the output of the VTM, multiplied by its K factor of 1/3 . The DC resistance of the source should be kept as low as possible to minimize voltage deviations on the input to the VTM. If the VTM is going to be operating close to the high limit of its input range, make sure input voltage deviations will not trigger the input overvoltage turn-off threshold.
Input Fuse Recommendations
VI BRICKs are not internally fused in order to provide flexibility in configuring power systems. However, input line fusing of VI BRICKs must always be incorporated within the power system. A fast acting fuse is required to meet safety agency Conditions of Acceptability. The input line fuse should be placed in series with the +In port. For agency approvals and fusing conditions, click on the link below: http://www.vicorpower.com/technical_library/technical_documentation/quality_ and_certification/safety_approvals/
Input Impedance Recommendations
To take full advantage of the VTM's capabilities, the impedance of the source (input source plus the PC board impedance) must be low over a range from DC to 5 MHz. The input of the VTM (factorized bus) should be locally bypassed with a 8 F low Q aluminum electrolytic capacitor. Additional input capacitance may be added to improve transient performance or compensate for high source impedance. The VTM has extremely wide bandwidth so the source response to transients is usually the limiting factor in overall output response of the VTM.
Application Notes
For VTM and VI BRICK application notes on soldering, board layout, and system design please click on the link below: http://www.vicorpower.com/technical_library/application_information/
Applications Assistance
Please contact Vicor Applications Engineering for assistance, 1-800-927-9474, or email at apps@vicorpower.com.
7 A[a] Fuse
Input reflected ripple measurement point
F1
+IN
+OUT
+
R3 10 m
-OUT
C1 47 F Al electrolytic
C2 0.47 F ceramic
TM VC PC
VTM
+OUT
Load
C3 10 F
14 V + -
-IN
-OUT
-
Notes: 1. C3 should be placed close to the load 2. R3 may be ESR of C3 or a separate damping resistor.
[a]
See Input Fuse Recommendations section
Figure 10 -- VI BRICK VTM test circuit
Voltage Transformation Module
VT048A160T015FP
vicorpower.com
Rev. 1.1
Page 7 of 11
APPLICATION NOTES (CONT.)
In figures below; K = VTM transformation ratio RO = VTM output resistance
Vf = PRM output (Factorized Bus Voltage) VO = VTM output VL = Desired load voltage
FPA ADAPTIVE LOOP
Vo = VL 1.0%
VC PC TM IL NC PR +IN VH SC SG OS NC CD +OUT
PRM-AL
ROS RCD
Factorized Bus (Vf)
VL (Io*Ro) Vf = + K K
+IN
+OUT
-OUT TM VC PC
VTM
+OUT
Vin
-IN -OUT
-IN
-OUT
L O A D
Figure 11 -- The PRM controls the factorized bus voltage, Vf, in proportion to output current to compensate for the output resistance, Ro, of the VTM. The VTM output voltage is typically within 1% of the desired load voltage (VL) over all line and load conditions.
FPA NON-ISOLATED REMOTE LOOP
Remote Loop Control
Vo = VL 0.4%
VC PC TM IL NC PR +IN VH SC SG OS NC CD +OUT
PRM-AL
Factorized Power Bus
Vf = f (Vs)
+IN
+OUT
+S
-OUT TM VC PC
VTM
+OUT
Vin
-IN -OUT
-IN
-OUT
-S
L O A D
Figure 12 -- An external error amplifier or Point-of-Load IC (POLIC) senses the load voltage and controls the PRM output - the Factorized Bus - as a function of output current, compensating for the output resistance of the VTM and for distribution resistance.
Voltage Transformation Module
VT048A160T015FP
vicorpower.com
Rev. 1.1
Page 8 of 11
BEHAVIORAL MODELS
VI BRICK VTM LEVEL 1 DC BEHAVIORAL MODEL FOR 48 V TO 16 V, 15 A
IOUT ROUT
29.7 m
+
V*I
1/3 * Iout
+
VIN
102 mA
IQ
+ -
K
+ -
1/3 * Vin
VOUT
-
-
(c)
Figure 13 -- This model characterizes the DC operation of the VI BRICK VTM, including the converter transfer function and its losses. The model enables estimates
or simulations of output voltage as a function of input voltage and output load, as well as total converter power dissipation or heat generation.
VI BRICK VTM LEVEL 2 TRANSIENT BEHAVIORAL MODEL FOR 48 V TO 16 V, 15 A
1.8 nH
LIN = 5 nH
IOUT
ROUT
29.7 m
LOUT = 1.6 nH
+
CIN VIN
RCIN R m 1.3CIN
1/3 * Iout 4.0 F
V*I
6.9 m
RCOUT RCOUT
+
0.21 m
IQ
102 mA
+ -
K
+ -
1/3 * Vin
COUT
25.4 F
VOUT
-
-
(c)
Figure 14 -- This model characterizes the AC operation of the VI BRICK VTM including response to output load or input voltage transients or steady state
modulations. The model enables estimates or simulations of input and output voltages under transient conditions, including response to a stepped load with or without external filtering elements.
Voltage Transformation Module
VT048A160T015FP
vicorpower.com
Rev. 1.1
Page 9 of 11
MECHANICAL DRAWINGS
Baseplate - Slotted Flange
Heat Sink (Transverse)
Figure 15 -- Module outline
Recommended PCB Pattern (Component side shown)
Figure 16 -- PCB mounting specifications
Voltage Transformation Module
VT048A160T015FP
vicorpower.com
Rev. 1.1
Page 10 of 11
Warranty
Vicor products are guaranteed for two years from date of shipment against defects in material or workmanship when in normal use and service. This warranty does not extend to products subjected to misuse, accident, or improper application or maintenance. Vicor shall not be liable for collateral or consequential damage. This warranty is extended to the original purchaser only. EXCEPT FOR THE FOREGOING EXPRESS WARRANTY, VICOR MAKES NO WARRANTY, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. Vicor will repair or replace defective products in accordance with its own best judgement. For service under this warranty, the buyer must contact Vicor to obtain a Return Material Authorization (RMA) number and shipping instructions. Products returned without prior authorization will be returned to the buyer. The buyer will pay all charges incurred in returning the product to the factory. Vicor will pay all reshipment charges if the product was defective within the terms of this warranty. Information published by Vicor has been carefully checked and is believed to be accurate; however, no responsibility is assumed for inaccuracies. Vicor reserves the right to make changes to any products without further notice to improve reliability, function, or design. Vicor does not assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit; neither does it convey any license under its patent rights nor the rights of others. Vicor general policy does not recommend the use of its components in life support applications wherein a failure or malfunction may directly threaten life or injury. Per Vicor Terms and Conditions of Sale, the user of Vicor components in life support applications assumes all risks of such use and indemnifies Vicor against all damages.
Vicor's comprehensive line of power solutions includes high density AC-DC and DC-DC modules and accessory components, fully configurable AC-DC and DC-DC power supplies, and complete custom power systems.
Information furnished by Vicor is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Vicor for its use. Vicor components are not designed to be used in applications, such as life support systems, wherein a failure or malfunction could result in injury or death. All sales are subject to Vicor's Terms and Conditions of Sale, which are available upon request.
Specifications are subject to change without notice. Intellectual Property Notice
Vicor and its subsidiaries own Intellectual Property (including issued U.S. and Foreign Patents and pending patent applications) relating to the products described in this data sheet. Interested parties should contact Vicor's Intellectual Property Department. The products described on this data sheet are protected by the following U.S. Patents Numbers: 5,945,130; 6,403,009; 6,710,257; 6,911,848; 6,930,893; 6,934,166; 6,940,013; 6,969,909; 7,038,917; 7,145,186; 7,166,898; 7,187,263; 7,202,646; 7,361,844; D496,906; D505,114; D506,438; D509,472; and for use under U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,975,098 and 6,984,965.
Vicor Corporation 25 Frontage Road Andover, MA, USA 01810 Tel: 800-735-6200 Fax: 978-475-6715 email Customer Service: custserv@vicorpower.com Technical Support: apps@vicorpower.com
Voltage Transformation Module
VT048A160T015FP
vicorpower.com
Rev. 1.1
4/08

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